We all want to be happy, but what that means is difficult to define. We usually define it in relation to something negative we are feeling right now. Some anxiety about the future. Emotions like jealousy, anger, or discomfort. And we tell ourselves that if we are able to get rid of this unhappy feeling, then we will be happy.
But is it really as simple as that?

Don’t try to escape unhappiness because not only is it an unavoidable fact but a part of our very nature

PANAS ( Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) is a psychological scale that measures our inclination towards two sets of emotions. The positive ones like joy, excitement and love, and the negative ones like fear, anger, jealousy, disgust, etc.
But PANAS sees these two sets of feelings existing in parallel in us at the same time. Let me illustrate that with two examples.

Imagine you have taken your child to the beach and are watching it play and have the time of its life, and you are feeling so much joy. But at the same time you are also tense that it does not go too far into the water, so much so that you cannot fully relax. So are you happy or unhappy?

Another example. Your best friend has just informed you how she finally found her soulmate and is soon getting engaged. And while you are absolutely thrilled for her, you are also thinking of how unlucky in love you have been. So again, are you happy or unhappy in this situation?
Both.

But at the same time, it is a fact that all of us are more inclined towards one set of emotions over the other because of our genetic makeup. But that still doesn’t mean that those of us more bent towards negative emotions are necessarily unhappier, because these negative emotions mix with the positive ones to define our own typical personality type – as Arthur Brooks shows in this excellent matrix he has devised.

In his categorisation, people who score very high on positive emotions and low on negative ones, are the eternal optimists who are always looking at the bright side of things. He calls them ‘Cheerleader‘.
At the opposite end are those who mull too strongly on all the sad and evil things in life. But this angst finds an outlet in their creativity, and with their finely-attuned sensitivities make them the ‘Poet‘.
Then there those who experience both positive and negative affects very highly, oscillating between extreme excitement and motivation, and then exhaustion and depression. This is the ‘Mad Scientist‘ and in fact many of today’s creative workers follow this very pattern of bursts of creative energy followed by down-time.
And then there is the ‘Judge‘, who is low on both types of emotions. That is neither do they get too excited nor too disappointed, and that gives them a cool detachment from things and allows them to see things more objectively.

This is a really useful matrix to not only understand our natural personality type, but also to understand how we can balance it better to find our sweep spot of happiness.

For example, if you are the cheerleader type, who always sees the best in everyone you meet, it’s more than likely that by the time you are in your adulthood, you have met too many people who took advantage of your trust.

But instead of allowing a deep cynicism to seep into you, you can just change your initial response to the new people you meet. That is, instead of just blindly trusting them on their words and charm, first let them prove their sincerity to you by their actions over some time. That is, exercise your Judge personality type more in the beginning, and then once you are sure of their intentions, give them all your unthrottled love.
Similarly, if you are a Judge, try to cultivate some excitement, some creativity, so that you are not always watching life from a distance but also actively participating in it.
And so on.

Our inclination towards one personality type should not mean we have a single monotonous response to everything that comes in our life

Because here’s the nub. I believe happiness is really a balance of all these personalities present in us to different extents. Our inclination towards one type over others should not mean we have a single monotonous response to everything that comes in our life.

So, if you are feeling unhappy right now, don’t look to eliminate it to find happiness. First understand where this negative feeling is coming from. What are you feeling afraid of? Or envious, disgusted, sad about? Sometimes, these feelings have a rational basis, but more often than not you’ll find that you are overreacting to a situation. And it may help here that instead of looking for it to miraculously pass, you balance it with the right PANAS personality.

For e.g., if you are feeling sleepless and all your life’s regrets are visiting you right now, bring out your Cheerleader and think of all the things you can be grateful about. Or, bring out the Poet and savour this bittersweet flavour of life that gives us beauty in pain. The whole foundation of Urdu poetry lies in this. Similarly, a Judge can help you create more distance through detachment and a Mad Scientist can drown out this passive depression with the passion of some new work.

Different remedies might work at different times, but they are all accessible to us because – as I said – we all have these personalities in us to different degrees.
So, don’t try to escape unhappiness because not only is it an avoidable fact but a part of our very nature.
Instead, discover your personality type and also try and develop the other types within you also, to to some degree.
Find that balance within you first.

Whether we call the glass half-empty or half-full matters because it defines the direction we’re looking towards. 

Calling it half-empty means that we are measuring what is there with what is still missing in it. And calling it half-full celebrates how much is already there.

These two different outlooks reflect in the passion and perseverance we bring into anything we do.

A few years ago I was running an online channel where we broadcast interviews and panel discussions around community issues. We didn’t have enough budget to get professional anchors, but I still managed to recruit a small bunch from my theatre circle who were willing to work for a minimal fee because they believed in our content. And in no time they were improving by leaps and bounds and discovering their own unique styles.

But one of my partners did not see it that way. Right from day one, he kept complaining they were not as good as ‘Oprah Winfrey’! That is, he could only see how short they were falling, the half-empty bit. 

This thinking led to two outcomes:

Firstly, the feedback he gave them was almost entirely useless to them because it came from this imagined Oprah standard in his head, and not from where they were right now. (Imagine presenting for the first time before a really big audience, and the feedback you get is from how much better Steve Jobs was, rather than a more useful “Move across the stage a little more” or “Project your voice more”.)

Secondly, he was missing out on the journey the rest of us were having: of steadily improving with every show. He was missing out on the fun of learning.

Now extend this example to the obscene standards many of us demand of our own selves. The same two problems surface here. 

First, we are setting ourselves goals that are all but impractical. Remember the many, many times we all have promised ourselves that starting tomorrow, we’re going to overhaul our whole lifestyle. Adopt the whole seven thundering habits of highly successful people. That motivation lasts out as long as any New Year resolution: a week at the max. Because when the goals are inorganic – that is not coming from where we are right now – we are setting ourselves for failure. 

Second, it takes the fun out of learning. Instead of looking at our steady progress, we are measuring only our shortcomings. Instead of focusing on the 2-3 new things we are learning every day, we are kicking ourselves for all that we don’t know yet. We become our own hard and impatient taskmasters, and that leaves us feeling so demotivated that we ultimately drop out of the game altogether. 

Improvements are always incremental before they suddenly explode into non-linear results; sometimes so tiny we might not see them emerge for a long time. It is the law of the learning curve – and this is where a half-full attitude can make such a difference. It can give us the inspiration to persevere just long enough to reach that tipping point when suddenly change happens.

Call it optimism. Believing that things are looking good regardless of how they really are, because this belief creates its own self-reinforcing loop.

And with this optimism, what seems like a shortfall to a half-empty mindset is celebrated as a minor but significant improvement by the half-full mindset. 1% more than yesterday’s half-full. 

So wherever you are in your career, your career and personal projects, your life — stop looking forward for a while at where you want to go, and look back. See how far you have come. 

You are already half-full. 

And now look forward and go ahead with the belief that you are doing good and getting there wherever you want to go: one tiny step after another.